Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a condition that can occur in women undergoing fertility treatments, especially during IVF (In Vitro Fertilization). It is caused by an excessive response to ovarian stimulation medications, leading to swollen ovaries and fluid buildup in the abdomen.
Symptoms of OHSS
OHSS symptoms can range from mild to severe and usually develop within a few days of egg retrieval. Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal bloating and discomfort
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sudden weight gain due to fluid retention
- Shortness of breath
- Decreased urination
- Severe abdominal pain (in severe cases)
Causes and Risk Factors
OHSS is triggered by excessive ovarian stimulation, often caused by high doses of hormonal medications, particularly hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) used to trigger ovulation. Women at higher risk include:
- Those with PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)
- Younger women with high ovarian reserve
- Women receiving high doses of stimulation medication
- Those with a previous history of OHSS
Prevention and Management
To reduce the risk of OHSS, doctors may:
- Use a GnRH antagonist protocol instead of a long protocol
- Adjust medication dosages based on ovarian response
- Use a lower or modified hCG trigger
- Freeze embryos and delay transfer (freeze-all strategy) if OHSS risk is high
OHSS is a potential complication of IVF but can be effectively managed and prevented with careful treatment planning. Patients undergoing ovarian stimulation should be monitored closely to minimize risks and ensure a safe fertility treatment process.